Research Workshop on Expert Judgment, Human Error, and Intelligent Systems

should we model error processes? What are the most promising routes to error detection and mitigation? What should be the role of knowledge-based systems? The workshop brought together 20 participants from 8 European countries and the United States in the fields of psychology, judgment, and decision making, human-computer interaction (HCI), and AI to discuss the issues based on their own research. Most of the participants had not previously met or heard the subtleties of their respective views. Thus, the stage was set for useful discussion and bridge building. The workshop was organized by Jens Rasmussen, Risoe Labs, Denmark; Paul Booth, Salford University, United Kingdom; Mike Donnell, George Washington University; Gerhard Fischer, University of Colorado at Boulder; John Fox, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, United Kingdom; Sture Hagglund, University of Linkoping, Sweden; Erik Hollnagel, Computer Resources International, Denmark; Barry Silverman (chair), George Washington University; and Masoud Yazdani, Exeter University, United Kingdom. The workshop was sponsored by the European Coordinating Committee for AI and was held in conjunction with its biannual meeting in Vienna, Austria. The ■ This workshop brought together 20 computer scientists, psychologists, and human-computer interaction (HCI) researchers to exchange results and views on human error and judgment bias. Human error is typically studied when operators undertake actions, but judgment bias is an issue in thinking rather than acting. Both topics are generally ignored by the HCI community, which is interested in designs that eliminate human error and bias tendencies. As a result, almost no one at the workshop had met before, and the discussion for most participants was novel and lively. Many areas of previously unexamined overlap were identified. An agenda of research needs was also developed.